Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe cationiclawe i nā uku e kū'ē i nā mea o nā surfactants anionic, no laila ua kapa pinepine ʻia lākou he "inverted soaps". Ma ke ʻano kemika, aia iā lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi lōʻihi-hui hydrophobic kaulahao a hoʻokahi maikaʻi-hui hydrophilic i hoʻopiʻi ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi-ʻO nā hui hydrophobic kaulahao i loaʻa pinepine mai nā waikawa momona a i ʻole nā kemika petro; no laila, lawelawe nā amines momona ma ke ʻano he mea maka koʻikoʻi no nā surfactants cationic. Hōʻike nā surfactants cationic i ka detergent palena, akā loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai antibacterial koʻikoʻi a me ka makemake kiʻekiʻe no ka adsorption ma luna o nā ʻili paʻakikī. I nā mea hoʻonani, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lauoho, bactericides, bacteriostatic agents, softeners a me anti-nā mea hoʻohui caries.
ʻO nā amine momona he mau kumu organik ma ke ʻano maoli. ʻAʻohe o lākou hoʻopiʻi ʻia i loko o nā hopena kūlike ʻole a ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka hana ʻili cationic ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, a lilo i lipophilic ma nā waiwai pH ma luna o 7. Loaʻa i nā paʻakai amine tertiary i loaʻa ma o ka neutralization me nā waikawa inorganic a i ʻole organik ka lawa o ka solubility a ua ʻike piha ʻia he mau surfactants cationic maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wai o nā paʻakai organik.-hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma mua o nā paʻakai inorganic. ʻAʻole pinepine lākou i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻAʻole-He ʻilikai loa nā ʻano cationic quaternary i ka pH, nā ion multivalent a me nā electrolytes.
ʻO ka ethoxylation o nā amine momona e hua mai i nā amine ethoxylated. Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pH, ua kūlike kēlā mau surfactants me nā surfactants cationic a hāʻawi i ka detergent kūpono.
Ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā amine momona me ka waikawa salicylic a i ʻoleα-Hiki i ka chlorobenzoic acid ke hoʻoikaika i kā lākou hana antifungal.
ʻO nā hui ammonium quaternary i loaʻa mai nā amine momona e hōʻike ana i ka papa i hoʻohana nui ʻia o nā surfactants cationic.
Hōʻike nā paʻakai ammonium Quaternary i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i nā media acidic a alkaline paha (ma lalo o 100°C). Pili ko lākou solubility me ka alkyl-ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao: ʻo nā kaulahao alkyl lōʻihi e pili ana i ka haʻahaʻa o ka solubility wai. Nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary monoalkyltrimethyl me C16-ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia nā kaulahao C18 i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polar, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe non-nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polar. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary dialkyldimethyl i loko o nā mea ʻole-he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe polar akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.
ʻO nā hana kūikawā o nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary e pili ana i kā lākou adsorption ma luna o ka maikaʻi ʻole-nā ʻili i hoʻopiʻi ʻia a me ko lākou hopena bactericidal a me disinfectant. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hui pū ʻana me nā surfactants anionic, oxides, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, protein a me kekahi mau polymers e hoʻemi koke i ka hana bactericidal a i ʻole turbidity.
ʻO ka solubility o nā paʻakai alkyl quaternary ammonium e pili ana i kā lākou mau hui hydrophilic; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hui hydrophilic e lawe mai i ka solubility wai maikaʻi aʻe. ʻO nā hoʻomākaukau maʻamau e komo pū me 5 nā hopena isopropanol wt% a i ʻole 10 nā hopena wai wt% me ka pae pH o 6-9. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, kūpaʻa i ka mālamalama, ka wela, nā waikawa ikaika a me nā alkalis ikaika, a hōʻike i ka komo ʻana, nā waiwai antistatic, ka hana bactericidal (kūpono no C12-C16 homologues) a me ka palaho koʻikoʻi-ke kāohi nei i ka hana. Loaʻa i nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary ʻelua mau lōʻihi-nā ʻāpana alkyl hydrophobic kaulahao. Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai palupalu maikaʻi a me nā waiwai antistatic me ka hiki ke bactericidal waena, me nā ʻano hoʻomaʻū maikaʻi a me nā ʻano emulsifying. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻonāukiuki ma mua o nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary alkyltrimethyl. Hōʻike lākou i ke ʻano cationic ma lalo o nā kūlana waikawa nāwaliwali a hana i nā mea ʻole-nā ʻano ionic ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlike ʻole a me nā kūlana alkaline.
Nā Paʻakai Alkyl Imidazoline
Hoʻohui ʻia nā alkyl imidazolines ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā waikawa momona me nā ethylenediamines i pani ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana (maʻamau 220-240°C), hoʻololi ʻia ka amidoethylamine hopena i alkyl imidazoline.
He amine tertiary monocyclic organik ʻo Alkyl imidazoline a hana ia ma ke ʻano he kumu ikaika iki. Ma ke ʻano he surfactant cationic maʻamau, hoʻopili paʻa ia ma luna o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole.-nā ʻili i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e like me ka lauoho, ka ʻili, nā niho, ke aniani, ka pepa, nā olonā, nā metala a me ke silicon-nā mea i loaʻa. Nā paʻakai i hana ʻia me ka wai-ʻO nā waikawa hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i nā gels ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā paʻakai o ka waikawa acetic, ka waikawa nicotinic, ka waikawa phosphoric a me ka waikawa sulfuric he wai-hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻoiai ko lākou lōʻihi-kaulahao momona-he ʻaila nā paʻakai ʻakika-hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hōʻike lākou i ke kūpaʻa mālama maikaʻi ma lalo o ka makū-nā kūlana hōʻoia, akā hiki ke loaʻa ka ua kristal ma hope o ka lōʻihi-ka mālama ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi a i ʻole ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa; hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka homogeneity ma o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka wai a i ʻole ka makū e hoʻoulu ai i ka hydrolysis mālie e hoʻololi i kā lākou hana. ʻO ka hoʻomehana lōʻihi a hiki i ka 165°ʻAʻole hoʻopilikia ʻo C i ke kūpaʻa, ʻoiai hiki ke loli ke kala. He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka alkyl imidazoline, ma ke ʻano he kumu ikaika iki, e hoʻonāukiuki nui i ka ʻili a me nā maka, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonāukiuki o nā paʻakai alkyl imidazoline.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-25-2026