Li-surfactant tsa cationicli jara litefiso tse fapaneng le tsa li-surfactants tsa anionic, kahoo hangata li bitsoa "lisepa tse sothehileng". Ka lik'hemik'hale, li na le bonyane e le 'ngoe e telele.‑sehlopha sa ketane se sa rateng metsi le sehlopha se le seng se nang le maikutlo a matle‑Sehlopha se phelang ka metsi se nang le chaji.‑Lihlopha tsa ketane tse sa rateng metsi hangata li nkiloe ho mafura a acid kapa lik'hemik'hale tsa petrochemicals; ka hona, li-amine tse mafura li sebetsa e le thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa li-surfactants tsa cationic. Li-surfactants tsa cationic li na le detergent e fokolang, leha ho le joalo li na le thepa e hlahelletseng ea antibacterial le kamano e phahameng bakeng sa ho monya holim'a libaka tse thata. Litlolong, hangata li sebelisoa e le li-conditioner tsa moriri, li-bactericides, li-bacteriostatic agents, li-softeners le li-anti-depressant.‑li-additives tsa caries.
Li-amine tse mafura ke metheo ea tlhaho. Ha li tjhajwe ka har'a litharollo tse sa nke lehlakore 'me ha li bontše ts'ebetso ea bokaholimo ba cationic tlas'a maemo a joalo, 'me li fetoha lipophilic ka boleng ba pH bo kaholimo ho 7. Matsoai a amine a phahameng a fumanoang ka ho se nke lehlakore ka li-inorganic acid kapa organic a na le ho qhibiliha ho lekaneng 'me a tsejoa ka botlalo e le li-surfactants tse sebetsang tsa cationic. Matsoai a tlhaho ka kakaretso ke metsi a mangata.‑Ha di qhibilihe ho feta matswai a sa pheleng. Ha di kenngwe hangata ka hara sesepa le dihlahiswa tse hlwekileng.
Hase‑Mefuta ea cationic ea quaternary e na le kutlo e matla ho pH, li-ion tse ngata le li-electrolyte.
Ho ethoxylation ea li-amine tse mafura ho hlahisa li-amine tse nang le ethoxylated. Kamora ho lokisa pH, li-surfactants tse joalo lia lumellana le li-surfactants tsa cationic 'me li fana ka detergent e khotsofatsang.
Ho se tlose mafura a amine ka salicylic acid kapaαchlorobenzoic acid e ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ea ho loantša mafu a fungal.
Metswako ya ammonium ya quaternary e tswang ho di-amine tse mafura e emela sehlopha se sebediswang haholo sa di-surfactants tsa cationic.
Matsoai a ammonium a quaternary a bontša botsitso bo botle mecheng ea asiti kapa alkaline (ka tlase ho 100).°C). Ho qhibiliha ha tsona ho amana le alkyl‑bolelele ba ketane: liketane tse telele tsa alkyl li tsamaisana le ho qhibiliha ho tlase ha metsi. Matsoai a ammonium a monoalkyltrimethyl quaternary a nang le C16‑Liketane tsa C18 li qhibiliha hanyane ka metsing, li qhibiliha ka har'a li-solvent tsa polar, 'me ha li qhibilihe ka har'a tse seng tsa tlhaho.‑di-solvent tsa polar. Matswai a dialkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium a qhibiliha ka hara‑di-solvent tsa polar empa ha di qhibilihe ka metsing.
Mesebetsi e ikhethang ea letsoai la ammonium la quaternary e bakoa ke ho monngoa ha lona ka mokhoa o fosahetseng.‑libaka tse nang le tjhaja hammoho le litlamorao tsa tsona tsa ho bolaea libaktheria le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko. Ho lokela ho totobatsoa hore motsoako le li-surfactants tsa anionic, li-oxide, li-peroxide, li-silicates, nitrate ea silevera, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, liprotheine le li-polymer tse itseng li baka habonolo phokotso ea ts'ebetso ea ho bolaea libaktheria kapa ho fifala ha tsona.
Ho qhibiliha ha letsoai la alkyl quaternary ammonium ho itšetlehile ka lihlopha tsa lona tse phelang ka metsi; lihlopha tse ngata tse phelang ka metsi li tlisa ho qhibiliha ha metsi ho betere. Litokisetso tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa 5 ditharollo tsa isopropanol tsa wt% kapa 10 ditharollo tsa metsi tse nang le wt% tse nang le pH ya 6‑9. Li na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale, li hanela khanya, mocheso, li-acid tse matla le li-alkali tse matla, 'me li bontša ho kenella ha tsona, thepa ea ho thibela ho se fetohe, le ts'ebetso ea ho bolaea libaktheria (e ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa C12).‑C16 homologues) le kutu e hlahelletseng‑e thibelang tshebetso. Matswai a Alkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium a na le matswai a mabedi a malelele‑Dikarolo tse sa rateheng tsa alkyl tse nang le hydrophobic. Di na le thepa e ntle ya ho nolofatsa le ho thibela ho fetoha ha static hammoho le bokgoni bo itekanetseng ba ho bolaya dibaktheria, hammoho le mekgwa e metle ya ho kolobisa le ho etsa emulsifying. Ha di halefise hakaalo ho feta matswai a alkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium. Di bontsha sebopeho sa cationic tlasa maemo a fokolang a asiti mme ha di bopehe‑mefuta ea ionic tlas'a maemo a sa nke lehlakore le a alkaline.
Matsoai a Alkyl Imidazoline
Li-alkyl imidazoline li hlahisoa ka ho kopanya mafura a acid le ethylenediamines tse nkeloang sebaka. Ha li futhumatsoa (hangata 220)‑240°C), amidoethylamine e hlahang e fetoha alkyl imidazoline.
Alkyl imidazoline ke amine ea tertiary ea monocyclic ea tlhaho 'me e sebetsa e le motheo o matla ka tekanyo. Jwalo ka surfactant e tloaelehileng ea cationic, e monya ka thata ho ea ho e mpe.‑libaka tse nang le chase tse kang moriri, letlalo, meno, khalase, pampiri, likhoele, litšepe le silicon‑e nang le thepa. Letswai le entsoeng ka metsi‑Li-acid tse qhibilihang li atisa ho etsa li-gel ka bongata bo phahameng. Matsoai a acetic acid, nicotinic acid, phosphoric acid le sulfuric acid ke metsi‑di qhibiliha, athe nako ya tsona e telele‑mafura a ketane‑Matsoai a asiti ke oli‑Li bontša botsitso bo botle ba polokelo tlas'a mongobo‑maemo a bopaki, leha ho le jwalo pula ya kristale e ka hlaha kamora nako e telele‑polokelo ea nako e telele kapa mochesong o tlase; ho tšoana ho ka tsosolosoa ka ho futhumatsa le ho hlohlelletsa. Ho pepesehela metsi kapa mongobo ho baka hydrolysis butle-butle e fetolang ts'ebetso ea tsona. Ho futhumatsa nako e telele esita le ho fihlela ho 165°C ha e sitise botsitso, leha ho ka ba le phetoho ya mmala. Hoa hlokomeleha hore alkyl imidazoline, e le motheo o matla ka ho lekaneng, e baka ho teneha ho hoholo letlalong le mahlong, ha matswai a alkyl imidazoline a na le ho teneha ho fokolang haholo.
Nako ea poso: Phato-25-2026