Ibikoresho bya CationicZifite amashanyarazi atandukanye n'ay'ibinyabutabire bya anionic, bityo akenshi zitwa "isabune zihinduriwe". Mu rwego rwa shimi, zirimo nibura imwe ndende.‑itsinda ry’uruhererekane rw’amazi n’itsinda rimwe ryiza‑itsinda rikunda amazi rifite ingufu.‑Amatsinda y’uruhererekane rw’amazi aturuka ku binyabutabire cyangwa ibinyabutabire bya peteroli; bityo, amine z’ibinyabutabire zikora nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku binyabutabire bya cationic. Ibinyabutabire bya cationic bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kubirinda indwara, nyamara bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya bagiteri kandi bikagira uruhare runini mu kwinjizwa ku buso bukomeye. Mu kwisiga, bikunze gukoreshwa nk'imiti ifasha umusatsi kwiyubaka, imiti yica bagiteri, imiti igabanya ubukana bw’ibinyabutabire, imiti yoroshya imisatsi no kurwanya‑inyongeramusaruro ku ndwara ya caries.
Amines zifite ibinure ni ishingiro ry’ibinyabuzima. Nta ruganda rutanga umusaruro mu buryo butari ubwabyo kandi ntirugaragaza imikorere y’ubuso bw’umubiri muri ubwo buryo, kandi ruhinduka lipophilic ku gipimo cya pH kiri hejuru ya 7. Umunyu wa amine wa gatatu uboneka binyuze mu kugabanya ubushyuhe hamwe na aside inorganic cyangwa organic ufite ubushobozi bwo gushonga buhagije kandi uzwi neza nk'ibintu bikora neza mu kugabanya ubushyuhe. Umunyu wa organic muri rusange ni amazi menshi.‑Bishobora gushonga kurusha imyunyu ngugu. Bikunze gushyirwa mu isabune n'imiti isukura.
Ntabwo‑Ubwoko bwa cationic bwa quaternary bukunda cyane pH, iyoni nyinshi na electrolytes.
Guhindura imiterere y'ibinure bitanga imiterere y'ibinure. Nyuma yo guhindura pH, imiterere nk'iyo ihura n'imiterere y'ibinure bifasha mu gukora neza kandi itanga ubwiza buhagije.
Guhagarika amine zirimo ibinure hakoreshejwe aside salicylic cyangwaαaside chlorobenzoic ishobora kongera imikorere yayo yo kurwanya udukoko.
Ibinyabutabire bya ammonium bya Quaternary bikomoka kuri amines zirimo ibinure ni byo bikoreshwa cyane mu gukora surfactants za cationic.
Umunyu wa ammonium wa Quaternary ugaragaza ubuziranenge bwiza mu bintu birimo aside cyangwa alkaline (munsi ya 100).°C). Gushonga kwabyo bifitanye isano na alkyl‑Uburebure bw'umunyururu: iminyururu miremire ya alkyl ihuye n'uburyo amazi ashongesha make. Umunyu wa ammonium wa monoalkyltrimethyl quaternary hamwe na C16‑Imiyoboro ya C18 ishongera buhoro mu mazi, ishongera mu byuma bishongera umwuka, kandi ntishongera mu bintu bidashongera umwuka‑ibinyabutabire by'ibara rya polar. Umunyu wa Dialkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium ushongesha mu bintu bitari‑ibinyabutabire byo mu mazi ariko ntibishongesha mu mazi.
Imikorere yihariye y'umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary ituruka ku kunyuzwa kwawo mu buryo bubi‑Ubuso bufite umuriro ndetse n’ingaruka zabwo zo kwica bagiteri no kwica udukoko. Byagakwiye gushimangirwa ko guhuza na surfactants za anionic, oxydes, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolini, poroteyine na polymer zimwe na zimwe bitera kugabanuka k’imikorere cyangwa ubushyuhe bw’uturemangingo.
Uburyo umunyu wa alkyl quaternary ammonium ushonga biterwa n'amatsinda yawo akunda amazi; amatsinda menshi akunda amazi atuma amazi arushaho gushonga. Imyitozo isanzwe irimo 5 wt% by'ibisubizo bya isopropanol cyangwa 10 ibisubizo by'amazi bifite ubunini bwa 6% bifite pH‑9. Bifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka mu mikorere y’ibinyabutabire, birwanya urumuri, ubushyuhe, aside ikomeye na alkali zikomeye, kandi bigaragaza uburyo bwo kwinjira mu mubiri, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya static, imikorere yo kwica bagiteri (ni byiza cyane kuri C12).‑C16 homologues) na corrosion idasanzwe‑bibuza imikorere. Umunyu wa alkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium urimo umunyu ibiri miremire‑Ibice bya alkyl hydrophobic byo mu bwoko bwa chain alkyl hydrophobic. Bifite ubushobozi bwo koroshya no kurwanya static hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kwica bagiteri buri ku rugero, hamwe n'imyitwarire myiza yo kunywesha no gukurura. Ntibitera ubukana nk'umunyu wa alkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium. Bigaragaza cationic mu gihe cy'aside nke kandi ntibigire ingaruka mbi ku‑ubwoko bwa ioni mu gihe cy’imiterere idafite aho ibogamiye n’iya alkaline.
Umunyu wa Alkyl Imidazoline
Imidazolines za Alkyl zikorwa binyuze mu guhuza aside irike n'izindi ethylenediamines. Iyo zishyushye (ubusanzwe 220‑240°C), amidoethylamine ivamo ihinduka alkyl imidazoline.
Alkyl imidazoline ni amine yo mu bwoko bwa monocyclic tertiary amine kandi ikora nk'ishingiro rikomeye riri hagati. Nk'umusemburo usanzwe wa cationic surfactant, yinjirira mu buryo bubi cyane.‑ahantu hashyushye nk'umusatsi, uruhu, amenyo, ikirahure, impapuro, fibre, ibyuma na silikoni‑irimo ibikoresho. Umunyu wakozwe n'amazi‑aside zishongeshwa zikunda gukora jeli ku rugero rwo hejuru. Umunyu wa aside asetiki, aside nikotini, aside fosforike na aside sulfurike ni amazi‑bishonga, mu gihe birebire‑ibinure by'uruhererekane‑umunyu wa aside ni amavuta‑Bishobora gushonga. Bigaragaza ko bibikwa neza mu gihe cy'ubushuhe‑ibimenyetso, nyamara imvura ishobora kugwa nyuma y'igihe kirekire‑Kubika igihe kirekire cyangwa ku bushyuhe buke; imiterere y’ibimera ishobora kugaruka binyuze mu gushyushya no kuvanga. Guhura n’amazi cyangwa ubushuhe bitera hydrolysis buhoro buhoro ihindura imikorere yabyo. Gushyushya igihe kirekire kugeza kuri 165°C ntigira ingaruka ku guhagarara neza, nubwo ibara rishobora guhinduka. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko alkyl imidazoline, nk'ishingiro rikomeye, itera ububabare bukomeye ku ruhu no ku maso, mu gihe umunyu wa alkyl imidazoline ufite ububabare buke cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-25-2026