Rarraba Tsaftace Masana'antu

Bukatun Kyau

JanarTsaftace Masana'antu, Tsaftace Masana'antu Mai Daidaito da Tsaftace Masana'antu Mai Tsabtacewa

Tsaftace masana'antu gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi tsaftace saman ababen hawa, jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama, waɗanda za su iya cire datti mai kauri ne kawai.

Tsaftacewar masana'antu ta dace ta ƙunshi tsaftacewa yayin sarrafa kayayyaki daban-daban da kuma tsaftace saman kayayyaki da kayan aiki daban-daban, wanda ke da alaƙa da ikon kawar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin datti.

Tsaftace masana'antu mai matuƙar daidaito yana nufin tsaftace sassan injina, kayan lantarki, kayan gani da sauran abubuwa a cikin tsarin kera daidai, tare da manufar cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin datti.

Hanyoyin Tsaftacewa

Tsaftace Jiki daTsaftace Sinadarai

Tsaftace jiki yana amfani da ƙa'idodin makanikai, acoustics, optics, wutar lantarki da thermodynamics. Dangane da makamashin waje kamar gogayya ta injiniya, raƙuman ultrasonic, matsin lamba mara kyau, matsin lamba mai yawa, tasiri, hasken ultraviolet da tururi, yana cire datti a saman abu ba tare da canza sinadaran da ke cikin gurɓatattun abubuwa ba, ma'ana tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta na asali ba ya canzawa.

①Hanyoyin tsaftacewa na inji: tsaftacewar shara da goge-goge, tsaftace haƙa bututu, tsaftacewar fashewar harbi.

②Tsaftace ruwa: Tsaftace ruwa mai ƙarancin matsin lamba tare da matsin lamba daga kilopascals 196 zuwa 686, kimanin kilo 2 zuwa 7-ƙarfi a kowace murabba'in santimita, daidai yake da 0.2 zuwa 0.7 MPa.

③Tsaftace ruwa mai ƙarfi: matsin lamba don tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi ya kai kilo 4900, kimanin kilo 50 na ƙarfi a kowace murabba'in santimita, daidai yake da 5 MPa. Wannan hanyar kuma ana kiranta da tsabtace ruwa mai ƙarfi kuma ana aiwatar da ita ta hanyar injinan tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi.

Tsaftace sinadarai yana cire datti daga saman abubuwa ta hanyar halayen sinadarai ta amfani da sinadarai ko wasu sinadarai masu narkewa. Misalan sun haɗa da kawar da tsatsa da ƙura tare da nau'ikan acid marasa tsari ko na halitta, da kuma cire tabon saman tare da sinadarai masu hana iskar oxygen. Sinadaran sinadarai suna amsawa da gurɓatattun abubuwa ko rufe layuka (kamar ma'ajiyar sikeli) don cire su, gami da wankewar acid da wankewar alkaline don cire sikelin. Don hana tsatsa a cikin substrate yayin tsaftace sinadarai ko sarrafa yawan tsatsa a cikin iyakokin da aka yarda, yawanci ana ƙara adadin masu hana tsatsa da ƙari masu aiki, shiga ciki da jika a cikin maganin tsaftacewar sinadarai.

Dabaru na tsaftacewa；hanyar nutsewa, hanyar zagayawar jini, hanyar tsaftacewa ta yanar gizo (wanda kuma ake kira hanyar tsaftacewar sinadarai mara tsayawa).

Ka'idar hana sikelin lantarki da rage girmansa: filayen lantarki masu yawan mita suna sake tsara kwayoyin ruwa don cimma tasirin hana sikelin da rage girmansa. Lokacin da ruwa ya ratsa filin lantarki mai yawan mita, tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa ​​yana canzawa. Asalin macromolecules na sarkar da ke da alaƙa suna rushewa zuwa kwayoyin ruwa guda ɗaya. Ion masu kyau da marasa kyau na gishirin da aka narkar a cikin ruwa suna kewaye da kwayoyin ruwa daban-daban, wanda ke rage saurin motsi, yana rage yawan karo mai tasiri kuma yana raunana jan hankalin lantarki. Ion ɗin ba za su iya taruwa a kan bango ko saman bututu mai zafi ba, don haka yana hana samuwar sikelin. A halin yanzu, ƙaruwar lokacin dipole na kwayoyin ruwa yana ƙarfafa ƙarfin ɗaure su tare da ions masu kyau da marasa kyau na gishiri (ƙwayoyin limescale), yana laushi sikelin limescale akan saman da aka dumama da bangon bututu don sauƙin rabuwa da rage girmansa.

Tsarin hana scaling da descaling na tsaye yana cimma manufofi iri ɗaya kamar na rage scaling ta hanyar canza yanayin ƙwayoyin ruwa, kodayake yana dogara ne akan filayen lantarki maimakon tasirin lantarki. Tsarin yana cikin polarity (ƙimar dipole) na ƙwayoyin ruwa. Lokacin da dipoles na ruwa suka ratsa filin lantarki, suna daidaitawa akai-akai da tsari ta hanyar caji mai kyau da mara kyau. Ana lulluɓe ions na gishirin da aka narke a cikin ruwa ta hanyar dipoles na ruwa kuma an shirya su a jere a cikin tarin dipole, yana hana su kusantowa ko ajiyewa a bangon bututu/kayan aiki don samar da sikelin limescale. Bugu da ƙari, iskar oxygen da aka saki a cikin ruwa yana samar da fim ɗin oxide mai siriri sosai akan bangon bututu don rage tsatsa a bango.

Kayan Watsa Labarai na Tsaftacewa

Tsaftace Jiki da Tsaftace Busasshe

Tsaftacewa da ake yi a cikin ruwa mai tsafta galibi ana bayyana shi a matsayin tsaftacewar ruwa, kuma yawancin hanyoyin tsaftacewa na gargajiya suna cikin wannan rukuni.

Tsaftacewa da ake yi a cikin iskar gas an rarraba shi a matsayin tsaftacewar busasshe, wanda ya haɗa da tsaftacewar laser, tsaftacewar ultraviolet, tsaftacewar plasma da tsaftacewar busasshen kankara.

Masu hana lalata

Maganin hana tsatsa wani abu ne da aka ƙara a ƙananan adadi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata wanda ke rage jinkirin tsatsar ƙarfe sosai. Wannan dabarar kariya ta ƙarfe ana kiranta da kariyar hana tsatsa.

Rarraba Masu Hana Tsatsa

Ta hanyar tsarin aiki: masu hana anodic, masu hana cathodic, masu hana nau'in gauraye

Ta hanyar halayen fim ɗin kariya: masu hana oxidizing film-forming, masu hana adsorption-type, masu hana hazo film-forming

Sauran sharuɗɗan rarrabuwa:

①Masu hana lalata kwayoyin halitta da inorganic

②Masu hana lalata lokaci-lokaci na ruwa, lokaci-gas da lokaci mai ƙarfi

③Masu hana lalata ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe da aluminum

④Masu hana lalata mai guba, alkaline da tsaka tsaki

Abubuwan Tsaftacewa

Tsaftacewa Kafin Aiki, Tsaftacewa Ba Tare Da Tsaidawa Ba da Tsaftacewa Kulawa

Tsaftacewa Kafin Aiki

Sabbin kayan aikin sinadarai dole ne a yi musu tsaftacewa da kuma cire su kafin a fara aiki. Aikin ya tabbatar da cewa tsaftacewa da kuma cire su kafin a fara aiki suna ba da fa'idodi masu yawa ga amincin samarwa da ingancin tattalin arziki, wanda hakan ke haifar da riba mai yawa a fannin tattalin arziki.

Dalilan Kafin Aiwatar da Tsaftacewa da Passivation

Sikelin injin niƙa yana samuwa a kan kayan ƙarfe kamar bututun ƙarfe, faranti na ƙarfe da bakin ƙarfe yayin birgima. Tsatsa, sarƙar walda, hana tsatsa mai mai da ake amfani da shi a kan ƙarfe don kariyar tsatsa, ƙura, yashi, siminti, kayan kariya na zafi da sauran ƙazanta suna taruwa a kan kayan aiki yayin ƙera, sufuri, ajiya da shigarwa. Yayin da ƙarfin kayan aiki ke ƙaruwa, tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka daga samar da bututun ƙarfe da faranti, ta hanyar ƙera kayan aiki, dabaru da shigarwa zuwa aikin ƙarshe yana ƙaruwa. Ƙarin haɗin walda da manyan saman da aka yi zafi suna haifar da ƙaruwar yawan gurɓatattun abubuwa, gami da sikelin niƙa, tsatsa, sarƙar walda, hana tsatsa da laka.

Bayan tsaftacewa, wani fim mai kauri na sinadarai yana samuwa a saman ƙarfe mai tsabta. Wannan fim ɗin yana hana sake faruwar datti kuma yana ba da kariya mai inganci ga kayan aiki daga tsatsa da sauran lalacewar sinadarai.

Tsaftacewa Ba Tare Da Taɓawa Ba

Wasu kayan aikin sinadarai ba za su iya dakatar da aiki don gyarawa da tsaftacewa ba yayin samarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ci gaban fasahar tsaftacewa ba tare da tsayawa ba. Maganin tsaftacewa na gida mai girma wanda ba ya tsayawa yana ba da damar tsaftace sinadarai da kuma rage gudu yayin da kayan aiki ke ci gaba da aiki, yana kare ingantaccen aikin kayan aiki da ingancin sabis.

Tsaftace Gyaran Rufewa

Tsaftace tsaftacewar rufewa yana nufin ayyukan tsaftacewa da ake yi a kan dukkan kayan aiki a lokacin gyaran da aka tsara na shekara-shekara na kamfanonin sinadarai. Yawanci, ana yin tsaftacewar sinadarai masu yawo ko kuma tsaftace ruwa mai ƙarfi yayin gyaran rufewa.