Ka puta te mākū ina pā te totoka ki te wai. Ka ngaro ngā hononga totoka-hau me te wai-hau taketake, ā, ka puta he hononga totoka-wai hou. Hei tauira, he rauemi pūwero ngā muka kakahu me te horahanga mata motuhake nui. Ina horapa te otinga i roto i ngā muka, ka uru ki roto i ngā āputa i waenga i ngā muka, ka nekehia te hau, ka huri i te hononga hau-muka taketake hei hononga wai-muka.—He tukanga mākū noa tēnei. I taua wā, ka uru te wairewa ki roto i ngā muka, he tukanga e mōhiotia ana ko te urunga. Ko ngā matū horoi e āwhina ana i te mākū me te urunga ka kiia ko ngā kaiārahi mākū me ngā kaiārahi uru.
He nui te taumahatanga o te mata o ngā hinu i roto i te wai. Ina tāpirihia te hinu ki te wai, ā, ka whakaohokia te ranunga, ka pakaru te hinu hei pata angiangi hei hanga i te emulsion, engari ka wehe anō te ranunga ki ngā paparanga ina mutu te whakaoho. Mēnā ka tāpirihia he surfactant, ā, ka whakaohokia te ranunga, e kore e ngāwari te wehe o ngā paparanga mō te wā roa i muri i te mutunga o te whakaoho, arā, te emulsification. Ko te wāhanga hydrophobic o ngā ngota hinu e karapotia ana e ngā rōpū hydrophilic o ngā surfactants, ka hangaia he kaha kukume ahunga. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te pūngao e hiahiatia ana hei whakamarara i te hinu ki roto i te wai, ā, ka tutuki te emulsification whai hua o ngā hinu.
Nā te kaha o ngā matū horoi matū, ka taea te whakaemulsifying pumau i ngā matūriki hinu me te paru kua tangohia mai i ngā mata totoka, ā, ka marara ki roto i ngā wairewa wai, kia kore ai e putu anō ki runga i ngā mata kua horoia, ā, kia kore ai e poke anō.
Te Whakatārewatanga me te Mararatanga
Ko te mararatanga e pā ana ki te tukanga e tohatohahia ai ngā totoka kore-rewa i roto i te otinga hei matūriki iti hei hanga i te whakatārewatanga. Ko ngā matū horoi e whakarei ake ana i te mararatanga o ngā totoka me te pupuri i ngā whakatārewatanga pumau ka kiia he kaiwhakamārara. I roto i te mahi, he uaua ki te wehewehe i te whakaemulsification mai i te mararatanga ina whakaemulsified ngā hinu haurua-totoka me te marara i roto i ngā otinga. I te mea he rite tonu te momo matū o ngā kaiwhakamārara me ngā kaiwhakamārara, ka kiia ngātahitia rātou ko ngā kaiwhakamārara-whakaemulsifier i roto i ngā mahi mahi.
Ko te tikanga o te whakarewatanga ka taea e ngā matū horoi te whakanui ake i te wairewatanga o ngā matū wairewa-iti, ngā matū kore-wairewa rānei i roto i te wai. Hei tauira, ko te wairewatanga o te benzene i roto i te wai he 0.09% mā te rōrahi. I muri i te tāpiri i ngā matū horoi-iti pēnei i te konutai oleate, ka taea e te wairewatanga o te benzene te piki ki te 10%.
He hononga tata te whakarewatanga ki ngā micelle i hangaia e ngā surfactants i roto i te wai. Ko te micelle he kohinga i hangaia ina tata ngā mekameka hauwaiwai o ngā ngota surfactant tetahi ki tetahi i roto i te wairewa nā runga i ngā taunekeneke hydrophobic. Ko roto o te micelle he hauwaiwai wai, nō reira ko ngā matū waro kore-polar e kore e whakarewa i roto i te wai, pērā i te benzene me te hinu kohuke, ka taea te whakarewa wawe i roto i ngā micelle. Ko te whakarewatanga ko te whakarewatanga o ngā matū lipophilic e ngā micelle, he āhuatanga ahurei o ngā surfactants. Ka whai hua anake ina nui ake te kukū o te surfactant i roto i te wairewa i te kukū micelle matua (CMC), arā, ina he maha ngā micelle nui. Hei tāpiri, ka nui ake te kaha whakarewa o ngā micelle nui.
He rerekē te whakarewatanga i te whakaemulsification. Ka puta he pūnaha maha-wāhanga korekore, kore pumau hoki i te whakaemulsification, ka marara tetahi wāhanga wai ki roto i te wai, i tētahi atu wāhanga wai rānei. He rerekē, ka puta he pūnaha kotahi-wāhanga ōrite, pumau i te wā e noho ana te otinga whakarewa me te matū whakarewa i roto i te wāhanga kotahi. Tērā pea he āhuatanga whakaemulsifying me te whakaemulsifying o tētahi momo surfactant kotahi, engari ka puta noa te whakarewatanga ina teitei ake tōna kukū i te kukū micelle matua.
Te Whakangawari me te Whakamaeneene
Ina tūhono ngā ngota surfactant ki ngā mata o te kakahu, ka whakaitihia te tauwehenga o te waku pao o ngā kakahu. Ka taea e ngā surfactants kore-ionic pērā i ngā polyols alkyl polyoxyethylene linear me ngā polyoxyethylene ethers alkyl fatty acid linear, me ngā surfactants cationic rerekē, te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku pao o ngā kakahu, ā, ka mahi hei whakangawari kakahu. Heoi, kāore ngā surfactants me ngā rōpū alkyl peka, kakara rānei e hanga i tētahi whakaritenga ahunga tika i runga i ngā mata o te kakahu, nō reira kāore e pai mō te whakamahi hei whakangawari.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-10-2026