Gutose bibaho iyo ikintu gikomeye gihuye n'amazi. Imiterere y'umwimerere ya gazi ikomeye na gazi y'amazi irashira, maze hagashyirwaho imiterere mishya ya gazi ikomeye n'amazi. Urugero, imitako y'imyenda ni ibikoresho bifite imyenge bifite ubuso bunini bwihariye. Iyo umuti ukwirakwira ku miyoboro, winjira mu cyuho kiri hagati y'imitako hanyuma ukimura umwuka, ugahindura imiterere y'umwimerere ya gazi y'umwuka mo imiterere ya gazi y'amazi.—Iyi ni inzira isanzwe yo kuvoma. Hagati aho, umuti winjira mu nsinga, inzira izwi nka penetration. Surfactants zorohereza kuvoma no kwinjira zitwa wetting agents na penetration agents.
Amavuta agira ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mazi. Iyo amavuta yongewe mu mazi kandi uruvange rukavunguzwa cyane, amavuta acikamo uduce duto duto kugira ngo akore emulsion, nyamara uruvange ruzongera kwitandukanya mu bice by’ingenzi iyo kuvanga bihagaze. Iyo hongewemo surfactant hanyuma uruvange rukavunguzwa, ibice by’ingenzi ntibizatandukana byoroshye igihe kirekire nyuma yo kuvanga birangiye, ari byo emulsification. Igice cy’uturemangingo tw’amavuta gikikije amatsinda y’uturemangingo dukunda amazi, bigatuma habaho imbaraga zikurura icyerekezo. Ibi bigabanya ingufu zisabwa kugira ngo amavuta akwirakwizwe mu mazi kandi bigatuma amavuta akoreshwa neza.
Kubera ingaruka zo gukurura ibintu bikozwe muri surfactants, amavuta n'ibice by'imyanda bivuye ku buso bukomeye bishobora gukururwa mu buryo buhamye no gukwirakwizwa mu bisubizo by'amazi, bikarinda kongera gukurwa ku buso busukuwe no kwangirika.
Gutatanya bivuga inzira aho ibintu bikomeye bidashonga bikwirakwizwa mu gisubizo nk'uduce duto kugira ngo bikore suspension. Surfactants yongera ikwirakwizwa ry'ibintu bikomeye kandi igakomeza suspensions zihamye zitwa dispersants. Mu by'ukuri, biragoye gutandukanya emulsification n'ikwirakwizwa iyo amavuta akomeye avanze kandi agatatanywa mu bisubizo. Kubera ko emulsifiers n'ibitandukanya akenshi ari ubwoko bumwe bw'ikintu, byose hamwe byitwa emulsifier-dispersants mu bikorwa bifatika.
Gushonga bivuze ko ibintu bishonga bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga mu mazi. Urugero, ubushobozi bwo gushonga mu mazi ni 0.09% by'ingano. Nyuma yo kongeramo ibintu bishonga nka sodium oleate, ubushobozi bwo gushonga mu mazi bushobora kwiyongera kugeza kuri 10%.
Gushonga bifitanye isano ya hafi na micelles zikozwe na surfactants mu mazi. Micelle ni aggregate ikorwa iyo imiyoboro ya hydrocarbon ya molekile za surfactant yegeranye mu gisubizo cy'amazi bitewe n'imikoranire ya hydrophobic. Imbere muri micelle ni hydrocarbones z'amazi, bityo organic solutes zitari polar zidashongera mu mazi, nka benzene na peteroli ya mineral, zishobora gushonga byoroshye muri micelles. Gushonga ni ugushonga kwa lipophilic substances na micelles, umwihariko w'ibintu bidasanzwe bya surfactants. Bitangira gukora gusa iyo ingano ya surfactant mu gisubizo irenze ingano ya micelle (CMC), ni ukuvuga iyo umubare munini wa micelles nini zihari. Byongeye kandi, micelles nini itanga ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwinshi.
Gushonga bitandukanye no gushonga. Gushonga bitanga sisitemu y’ibice byinshi idakomeza kandi idahindagurika aho igice kimwe cy’amazi gikwirakwizwa mu mazi cyangwa ikindi gice cy’amazi. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, gushonga bivamo sisitemu imwe ihamye kandi ihamye aho umuti ushonga n’ikintu gishonga bibaho mu cyiciro kimwe. Ubwoko bumwe bwa surfactant bushobora kugira ubushobozi bwo gushonga no gushonga, ariko gushonga bibaho gusa iyo uburemere bwabyo buri hejuru y’icyiciro cy’ingenzi cya micelle.
Iyo molekile za surfactant zihuje icyerekezo ku buso bw'imyenda, zigabanya coefficient y'ubushyuhe budahinduka bw'imyenda. Nonionic surfactants nka linear alkyl polyoxyethylene polyols na linear alkyl fatty acid polyoxyethylene ethers, hamwe na cationic surfactants zitandukanye, zishobora kugabanya coefficient static friction y'imyenda bityo zikaba nk'ibifasha mu koroshya imyenda. Ariko, surfactants zifite branched alkyl cyangwa aromatic groups ntizikora neza ku buso bw'imyenda bityo ntizikwiriye gukoreshwa nk'ibifasha mu koroshya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-10-2026