Kunyorova kunoitika kana chinhu chakasimba chasangana nemvura. Nzvimbo dzepakutanga dze solid-gas ne liquid-gas dzinonyangarika, uye nzvimbo itsva ye solid-liquid inoumbwa. Semuenzaniso, fiber dzemachira zvinhu zvine maburi ane nzvimbo yakakura chaiyo. Kana mhinduro ikapararira pamwe chete nefibers, inopinda mumipata iri pakati pefibers uye inobvisa mhepo, ichishandura nzvimbo yepakutanga ye air-fiber kuita nzvimbo ye liquid-fiber.—Iyi inzira yakajairika yekunyorovesa. Panguva iyi, mvura inoyerera ichipinda mukati mefibers, nzira inozivikanwa sekupinda. Ma surfactants anobatsira kunyorovesa nekupinda anonzi ma wetting agents uye ma penetration agents zvakateerana.
Mafuta ane simba guru pamusoro pemvura. Kana mafuta akawedzerwa mumvura uye musanganiswa wacho ukakurungwa nesimba, mafuta anotsemuka kuita madonhwe madiki kuti agadzire emulsion, asi musanganiswa wacho unozopatsanuka kuita zvikamu zvakare kana kukurungwa kwamira. Kana surfactant ikawedzerwa uye musanganiswa wacho ukakurungwa, zvikamu zvacho hazvizopatsanurwi nyore kwenguva yakareba mushure mekunge kukurungwa kwamira, izvo zvinoreva emulsification. Chikamu chehydrophobic chemamorekuru emafuta chakakomberedzwa nemapoka ehydrophilic esurfactants, zvichigadzira masimba anokwezva akananga. Izvi zvinoderedza simba rinodiwa kuparadzira mafuta mumvura uye zvinoita kuti mafuta awedzere kukurungwa.
Nekuda kwesimba rema surfactants, mafuta netsvina zvakabviswa panzvimbo dzakasimba zvinogona kusanganiswa zvakanaka uye kuparadzirwa mumvura, zvichidzivirira kuti zvisadzoserwe panzvimbo dzakacheneswa uye zvichikonzera kusvibiswa.
Kupararira zvinoreva maitiro ayo zvinhu zvisinganyunguduke zvinogoverwa mumushonga sezvidimbu zvidiki kuti zvigadzire suspension. Zvinhu zvinogadzira surfactants zvinowedzera kupararira kwezvinhu zvakasimba uye kuchengetedza suspension dzakagadzikana zvinonzi dispersants. Mukuita, zvakaoma kusiyanisa emulsification nekupararira kana mafuta e semi-solid akasanganiswa uye akaparadzirwa mumushonga. Sezvo emulsifiers nema dispersants kazhinji ari rudzi rumwe rwechinhu, pamwe chete zvinonzi emulsifier-dispersants mukushanda kwechokwadi.
Kunyungudika kunoreva kuti masurfactants anogona kuwedzera kunyungudika kwezvinhu zvisinganyungudike zvakanyanya kana zvisinganyungudike mumvura. Semuenzaniso, kunyungudika kwebenzene mumvura kunosvika 0.09% nehuwandu. Mushure mekuwedzera masurfactants akadai sesodium oleate, kunyungudika kwebenzene kunogona kukwira kusvika 10%.
Kunyungudika kwakabatana zvikuru nema micelles anoumbwa nema surfactants mumvura. Micelle iboka rinoumbwa kana ma hydrocarbon cheni ema surfactant molecules achiswedera pedyo nemumwe mumvura ine mvura nekuda kwekudyidzana kwe hydrophobic. Mukati me micelle mune ma hydrocarbons emvura, saka non-polar organic solutes isinganyungudike mumvura, senge benzene ne mineral oil, inogona kunyungudika nyore nyore mukati me micelles. Kunyungudika kunyungudika kwezvinhu zvine lipophilic ne micelles, hunhu hwakasiyana hwema surfactants. Kunoshanda chete kana surfactant yakawanda iri mumushonga ichipfuura critical micelle concentration (CMC), kureva kana nhamba huru yema micelles makuru iripo. Pamusoro pezvo, ma micelles makuru anopa kugona kukuru kwekunyungudika.
Kunyungudika kwakasiyana ne emulsification. Kunyungudika kunogadzira sisitimu yezvikamu zvakawanda isingachinji uye isina kugadzikana apo chikamu chimwe chemvura chinoparadzirwa mumvura kana chimwe chikamu chemvura. Kusiyana neizvi, kunyungudika kunoguma nehurongwa hwakafanana, hwakasimba hwechikamu chimwe chete apo mhinduro inonyungudika uye chinhu chinonyungudika zviripo muchikamu chimwe chete. Rudzi rumwe rwesurfactant runogona kuva nehunhu hwe emulsifying uye hwekunyungudika, asi kunyungudika kunoitika chete kana huwandu hwayo huri pamusoro pehuwandu hwakakosha hwe micelle.
Kana mamorekuru esurfactant akabatana zvakananga pamusoro pemachira, anoderedza coefficient yekukakavadzana kwemachira. Ma nonionic surfactants akadai se linear alkyl polyoxyethylene polyols uye linear alkyl fatty acid polyoxyethylene ethers, pamwe chete nema cationic surfactants akasiyana-siyana, anogona kuderedza static friction coefficient yemachira uye nokudaro anoshanda se softeners yejira. Zvisinei, ma surfactants ane branched alkyl kana aromatic groups anokundikana kugadzira orderline directional arrangement pamusoro pemachira uye nekudaro haana kukodzera kushandiswa se softeners.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-10-2026