TsaronMasu surfactants
Surfactants da metabolites ɗinsu suna haifar da canje-canje na halitta a cikin kwayoyin halitta, wato yiwuwar guba da illa ga jiki, gami da guba mai tsanani, guba mai tsanani, guba mai ɗorewa, tasirin haihuwa da haihuwa, gubar tayi, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, sensitization, hemolysis da sauransu. Surfactants suna hulɗa da sassa daban-daban na jikin ɗan adam ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma an saita buƙatu daban-daban don guba da illa da aka ambata a sama daidai da haka.
Ana ƙara amfani da surfactants a cikin tsarin da ke hulɗa da jikin ɗan adam, kamar magunguna, abinci, kayan kwalliya da kayayyakin tsaftar jiki. Tare da inganta yanayin rayuwar mutane, an ƙara mai da hankali kan guba da illar surfactants a cikin nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban na hulɗa da ɗan adam. Don dalilai daban-daban na amfani, manyan abubuwan da suka shafi surfactants sun fi mayar da hankali kan ƙaiƙayin mucosal, fahimtar fata, guba, gubar kwayoyin halitta, cutar kansa, teratogenicity, hemolysis, narkewa da sha, da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin halitta. Misali, a fannin kayan kwalliya, ƙa'idar gargajiya ta zaɓar sinadaran ta fi mai da hankali kan tasirin kayan kwalliya. Lokacin zabar surfactants, an ba da fifiko ne kawai ga cimma mafi kyawun ayyuka na farko kamar tsaftacewa, kumfa, emulsification da watsawa; ayyukan sakandare ko na taimako an ɗauke su ne kawai a matsayin damuwa ta biyu, yayin da ba a yi la'akari da tasirin surfactants akan yanayin fata da gashi na halitta ba. A zamanin yau, ƙa'idar zaɓin surfactants ta koma a hankali zuwa ga tabbatar da kare lafiyar fata da gashi da kyau da kuma rage guba da illa ga jikin ɗan adam, kafin a yi la'akari da yadda za a yi amfani da mafi kyawun ayyukan farko da na taimako na surfactants. Wannan yanayin ci gaba yana haifar da ƙalubale ga masu samar da kayan albarkatun ƙasa na surfactants, masu tsarawa da masana'antun, wato, yadda za a sake gane da kuma kimanta aminci da laushin surfactants, don samar wa masu amfani da samfuran da suka fi aminci, laushi da inganci. Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sake tantance aminci da laushin nau'ikan surfactants da ake da su da kuma na sabbin nau'ikan surfactants.
Ana amfani da cationic surfactants a matsayin magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, tare da tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, molds da fungi, amma kuma suna haifar da guba da illa a lokaci guda. Suna iya lalata ayyukan tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya da na numfashi, kuma suna haifar da cunkoson ciki. Anionic surfactants suna da ƙarancin guba kuma ba za su haifar da mummunar illa ga jikin ɗan adam a cikin kewayon yawan amfani da su na yau da kullun ba, amma shan su ta baki na iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a cikin hanji da gudawa. Nonionic surfactants ba su da guba sosai ko kuma ba su da guba kuma ba su da guba ta hanyar shan su ta baki. Daga cikinsu, PEG surfactants suna da mafi ƙarancin guba, sai sukari esters, AEO, Span da Tween series, yayin da alkylphenol ethoxylates suna da mafi yawan guba.
Ga dabbobin ruwa, jimlar gubar da ba ta da sinadarin surfactant ya fi ta anionic surfactants.
Gwaje-gwajen guba na Subacute da na yau da kullun galibi suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke cikin dabbobin gwaji da sauran yanayin gwaji, yana da wuya a kwatanta bayanai daban-daban. Duk da haka, gabaɗaya an yarda cewa sakamakon gwajin guba na subacute da na yau da kullun na surfactants marasa ionic sun faɗi cikin rukunin marasa guba. Shan magani na dogon lokaci ba zai haifar da halayen cututtuka ba. Wasu nau'ikan ne kawai za su iya ƙara shan kitse, bitamin ko wasu abubuwa a jikin ɗan adam, ko kuma haifar da canje-canje masu aiki da za a iya canzawa a wasu gabobin jiki idan an sha su da baki a manyan allurai. Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da surfactants marasa ionic azaman abubuwa masu aminci sosai.
A masana'antar abinci, ana amfani da surfactants marasa ionic a matsayin emulsifiers. A wasu lokutan, ana buƙatar ayyukansu kamar kumfa, defoaming, jika, wargazawa, hana crystallization, hana tsufa, hana sake dawowa, riƙe ruwa, sterilization da kuma kaddarorin antioxidant. Surfactants da ake amfani da su azaman emulsifiers na abinci suna ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi masu tsauri. An amince da amfani da nau'ikan su kaɗan ne kawai, kuma wasu an ƙara iyakance su ta hanyar ma'aunin Karɓar Abincin Kullum (ADI, mg/kg), wanda ke nufin matsakaicin adadin wani ƙari da jikin ɗan adam zai iya ci gaba da ci gaba da sha a kowace naúrar nauyin jiki ba tare da haifar da mummunan illa ga lafiya ba.
Ana amfani da surfactants marasa ionic a matsayin masu narkewa, masu emulsifiers ko masu dakatarwa a cikin allurar magunguna da allurar gina jiki. Ga yanayin da ya shafi babban adadin allura guda ɗaya, musamman allurar jijiya, dole ne a ɗauki halayen hemolytic na surfactants da muhimmanci. Anionic surfactants suna nuna mafi ƙarfin tasirin hemolytic kuma galibi ba a amfani da su a cikin allura; cationic surfactants suna matsayi na biyu a cikin aikin hemolytic, yayin da nonionic surfactants suna da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin hemolytic. Daga cikin nonionic surfactants, hydrogenated castor oil acid PEG esters suna nuna ƙarancin tasirin hemolytic kuma sun fi dacewa da allurar jijiya. Duk da haka, ƙara matakin polymerization na PEG zai haifar da ƙarin aikin hemolytic fiye da Tween-type surfactants. Tsarin hemolytic na nonionic surfactants shine:＜Ester mai kitse na PEG＜PRG alkylphenol＜AEO. A cikin jerin Tween, tsarin hemolytic shine: Tween 80.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-12-2026