Kev nyab xeeb ntawmCov tshuaj surfactants
Cov tshuaj surfactants thiab lawv cov metabolites ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev, uas yog cov tshuaj lom thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim rau lub cev, suav nrog kev lom mob hnyav, kev lom subacute, kev lom mob ntev, kev cuam tshuam rau kev xeeb tub thiab kev yug me nyuam, kev lom embryonic, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, sensitization, hemolysis thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj surfactants sib cuag nrog ntau qhov ntawm tib neeg lub cev hauv ntau txoj kev, thiab cov kev cai sib txawv tau teeb tsa rau cov tshuaj lom thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim saum toj no raws li.
Cov tshuaj surfactants tau siv dav dua hauv cov kab ke uas kov tib neeg lub cev, xws li tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom siv tu cev. Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg lub neej, ntau dua thiab ntau dua kev saib xyuas tau them rau cov tshuaj lom thiab cov teebmeem sab nraud ntawm surfactants hauv ntau yam kev sib cuag ntawm tib neeg. Rau ntau lub hom phiaj thov, qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb txog surfactants feem ntau tsom mus rau kev khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev ua xua rau daim tawv nqaij, kev lom, kev lom caj ces, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, hemolysis, digestibility thiab absorbability, nrog rau biodegradability. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce, txoj cai ib txwm muaj ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom xyaw tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov teebmeem tshuaj pleev ib ce. Thaum xaiv surfactants, kev xav txog tsuas yog muab rau kev ua tiav cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li kev ntxuav, kev ua npuas dej, emulsification thiab kev tawg; cov haujlwm thib ob lossis pabcuam tsuas yog suav tias yog kev txhawj xeeb thib ob, thaum me ntsis lossis tsis muaj kev xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm surfactants rau qhov xwm txheej ntuj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau. Niaj hnub nim no, txoj cai xaiv cov surfactants tau maj mam hloov mus rau qhov ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev thiab cov plaub hau zoo thiab noj qab haus huv thiab txo cov tshuaj lom thiab cov kev phiv rau tib neeg lub cev, ua ntej xav txog yuav ua li cas siv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm surfactants. Qhov kev loj hlob no ua rau muaj kev cov nyom rau cov neeg muab khoom siv surfactant raw, cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, uas yog, yuav ua li cas rov lees paub thiab ntsuas qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab qhov mos ntawm surfactants, kom muab cov neeg siv khoom nrog cov khoom uas muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws, mos tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog heev kom rov ntsuas qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab qhov mos ntawm ob hom surfactants uas twb muaj lawm thiab tshiab.
Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants feem ntau siv ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob, nrog rau kev tua cov kab mob ntau yam, pwm thiab fungi, tab sis lawv kuj tsim cov tshuaj lom thiab cov teebmeem sab nraud tib lub sijhawm. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab thiab lub cev ua pa puas tsuaj, thiab ua rau lub plab zom mov tsis zoo. Cov tshuaj anionic surfactants muaj tshuaj lom tsawg thiab yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov ib txwm muaj, tab sis kev noj qhov ncauj yuav ua rau mob plab hnyuv thiab raws plab. Cov tshuaj nonionic surfactants muaj tshuaj lom tsawg lossis tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm kev noj qhov ncauj. Ntawm lawv, PEG surfactants muaj tshuaj lom tsawg tshaj plaws, ua raws li cov suab thaj esters, AEO, Span thiab Tween series, thaum alkylphenol ethoxylates muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua.
Rau cov tsiaj hauv dej, qhov tshuaj lom tag nrho ntawm cov surfactants nonionic yog siab dua li ntawm cov surfactants anionic.
Kev ntsuam xyuas subacute thiab mob ntev feem ntau siv sijhawm ntev. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj sim thiab lwm yam kev sim, nws nyuaj rau piv ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau lees paub tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas subacute thiab mob ntev ntawm cov surfactants nonionic poob rau hauv pawg tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Kev noj mus sij hawm ntev yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj. Tsuas yog qee hom ntau yam tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg lub cev nqus cov rog, cov vitamins lossis lwm yam tshuaj, lossis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv rov qab hauv qee yam kab mob thaum noj ntau. Yog li ntawd, cov surfactants nonionic tuaj yeem siv ua cov tshuaj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb siab.
Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, cov tshuaj surfactants uas tsis yog ionic feem ntau siv ua cov emulsifiers. Qee lub sij hawm, lawv cov haujlwm xws li ua npuas dej, tshem cov npuas dej, ntub dej, tawg, tiv thaiv crystallization, tiv thaiv kev laus, tiv thaiv kev rov qab los, khaws dej, tua kab mob thiab antioxidant kuj tseem xav tau. Cov surfactants siv ua cov emulsifiers khoom noj raug txwv tsis pub siv. Tsuas yog ob peb hom xwb feem ntau pom zoo rau kev siv, thiab qee qhov raug txwv los ntawm Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI, mg/kg), uas yog hais txog qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm ib qho khoom ntxiv uas tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem noj tas li ib chav ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev yam tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov tshuaj surfactants uas tsis yog ionic feem ntau siv ua cov tshuaj yaj, cov tshuaj emulsifiers lossis cov tshuaj ncua hauv kev txhaj tshuaj thiab kev txhaj tshuaj nutrient. Rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj kev txhaj tshuaj loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov khoom siv hemolytic ntawm cov surfactants yuav tsum tau coj los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Cov surfactants Anionic qhia txog cov nyhuv hemolytic muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau tsis siv rau hauv kev txhaj tshuaj; cov surfactants cationic yog qib thib ob hauv kev ua haujlwm hemolytic, thaum cov surfactants nonionic muaj qhov muaj peev xwm hemolytic qis tshaj plaws. Ntawm cov surfactants nonionic, cov roj castor hydrogenated PEG esters qhia txog cov teebmeem hemolytic qis thiab yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib ntawm PEG polymerization yuav ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm hemolytic ntau dua li Tween-hom surfactants. Cov txheej txheem hemolytic ntawm cov surfactants nonionic yog: Tween＜PEG fatty acid ester＜PRG alkylphenol＜AEO. Hauv Tween series, qhov kev txiav txim hemolytic yog: Tween 80.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-12-2026