Chitetezo chaZopangira madzi
Mankhwala opangidwa ndi ma surfactants ndi ma metabolites awo amachititsa kusintha kwa zamoyo m'thupi, zomwe ndi poizoni ndi zotsatirapo zake pa thupi, kuphatikizapo poizoni woopsa, poizoni wochepa, poizoni wokhalitsa, zotsatira pa kubereka ndi kubereka, poizoni wa m'mimba, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, sensitization, hemolysis ndi zina zotero. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi ma surfactants amakumana ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi la munthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zimakhazikitsidwa pa poizoni ndi zotsatirapo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa.
Mankhwala opangidwa ndi ma surfactants akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'machitidwe omwe amakhudzana ndi thupi la munthu, monga mankhwala, chakudya, zodzoladzola ndi zinthu zaukhondo. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa miyoyo ya anthu, chidwi chawonjezeka pa poizoni ndi zotsatirapo za ma surfactants m'njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana ndi anthu. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, nkhawa zazikulu zokhudzana ndi ma surfactants zimayang'ana kwambiri kukwiya kwa mucosal, kukhudzidwa ndi khungu, poizoni, poizoni wa majini, khansa, teratogenicity, hemolysis, digestibility ndi kuyamwa, komanso kuwonongeka kwa biodegradability. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya zodzoladzola, mfundo yachikhalidwe yosankha zosakaniza idayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za zodzoladzola. Posankha ma surfactants, kuganizira kunaperekedwa kokha pa kukwaniritsa ntchito zazikulu zoyenera monga kuyeretsa, kutulutsa thovu, emulsification ndi kufalikira; ntchito zachiwiri kapena zothandizira zinkaonedwa ngati nkhani zachiwiri, pomwe kuganizira pang'ono kapena konse kunaperekedwa pa momwe ma surfactants amakhudzira mkhalidwe wachilengedwe wa khungu ndi tsitsi. Masiku ano, mfundo yosankhira ma surfactants yasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala yoyamba kuonetsetsa kuti khungu ndi tsitsi zili bwino komanso zathanzi komanso kuchepetsa poizoni ndi zotsatirapo zake pa thupi la munthu, asanaganizire momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ntchito zabwino kwambiri komanso zothandizira za ma surfactants. Kukula kumeneku kumabweretsa vuto kwa ogulitsa, opanga ndi opanga zinthu zopangira ma surfactants, kutanthauza momwe angazindikire ndikuwunikiranso chitetezo ndi kufatsa kwa ma surfactants, kuti apatse ogula zinthu zomwe ndi zotetezeka, zofewa komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunikanso chitetezo ndi kufatsa kwa mitundu yonse ya ma surfactants yomwe ilipo komanso yatsopano.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a cationic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mabakiteriya, omwe amapha kwambiri mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, nkhungu ndi bowa, komanso amabweretsa zotsatirapo zoopsa komanso zoyipa nthawi imodzi. Amatha kuwononga ntchito za dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha ndi dongosolo lopumira, ndikuyambitsa kutsekeka kwa m'mimba. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Anionic ali ndi poizoni wochepa ndipo sangayambitse poizoni woopsa kwambiri m'thupi la munthu mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, koma kumwa pakamwa kungayambitse kusasangalala m'mimba ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Nonionic ndi oopsa pang'ono kapena osakhala oopsa ndipo si oopsa pomwa mankhwala. Pakati pawo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo a PEG ali ndi poizoni wochepa kwambiri, kutsatiridwa ndi shuga esters, AEO, Span ndi Tween series, pomwe alkylphenol ethoxylates ali ndi poizoni wochuluka.
Kwa nyama zam'madzi, poizoni wonse wa ma surfactants omwe si a ionic ndi wokwera kuposa wa ma surfactants a anionic.
Mayeso a poizoni wa subacute ndi chronic nthawi zambiri amatenga nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa nyama zoyesera ndi zochitika zina zoyesera, n'kovuta kuyerekeza deta zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti zotsatira za mayeso a poizoni wa subacute ndi chronic a nonionic surfactants zimagwera m'gulu losakhala poizoni. Kudya kwa nthawi yayitali sikungayambitse zotsatira za matenda. Mitundu ina yokha ndi yomwe ingawonjezere kuyamwa kwa mafuta, mavitamini kapena zinthu zina m'thupi la munthu, kapena kuyambitsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito m'ziwalo zina zikamwedwa pakamwa pa mlingo waukulu. Chifukwa chake, nonionic surfactants ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zotetezeka kwambiri.
Mu makampani azakudya, ma surfactants omwe si a ionic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati ma emulsifier. Nthawi zina, ntchito zawo monga kupopera thovu, kuchotsa poizoni, kunyowetsa, kufalitsa, kuletsa kufiira, kuletsa kukalamba, kupewa kubwereranso kwa madzi, kusunga madzi m'thupi, ndi mphamvu zoteteza ku ma antioxidants ndizofunikiranso. Ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma emulsifiers a chakudya amaletsedwa mwamphamvu. Mitundu yochepa yokha ndi yomwe imavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo ina imachepetsedwa ndi Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI, mg/kg) index, yomwe imatanthauza mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa chowonjezera china chomwe thupi la munthu lingathe kudya nthawi zonse pa unit imodzi ya kulemera kwa thupi popanda kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi.
Ma surfactants a nonionic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zosungunulira, zoyeretsera kapena zosungunulira mu jakisoni wa mankhwala ndi jakisoni wa michere. Pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa jakisoni imodzi, makamaka jakisoni wa m'mitsempha, mphamvu ya hemolytic ya ma surfactants iyenera kuganiziridwa mozama. Ma surfactants a anionic amasonyeza mphamvu yayikulu ya hemolytic ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito mu jakisoni; ma surfactants a cationic ali pachiwiri mu ntchito ya hemolytic, pomwe ma surfactants a nonionic ali ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri ya hemolytic. Pakati pa ma surfactants a nonionic, hydrogenated castor oil acid PEG esters amasonyeza zotsatira zochepa za hemolytic ndipo ndi oyenera kwambiri jakisoni wa m'mitsempha. Komabe, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa PEG polymerization kumabweretsa ntchito yayikulu ya hemolytic kuposa ma surfactants a mtundu wa Tween. Dongosolo la hemolytic la ma surfactants a nonionic ndi: Tween＜Ester ya mafuta a PEG＜PRG alkylphenol＜AEO. Mkati mwa mndandanda wa Tween, dongosolo la hemolytic ndi: Pakati pa 80.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-12-2026