Ukhuseleko lweIi-surfactants
Ii-surfactants kunye nee-metabolites zazo zibangela utshintsho lwebhayoloji kwizinto eziphilayo, oko kukuthi, iimpembelelo ezinobungozi kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emzimbeni, kubandakanya ubuthi obubukhali, ubuthi obungaphantsi kwe-subacute, ubuthi obungapheliyo, iimpembelelo ekuzaleni nasekuzaleni, ubuthi be-embryonic, i-teratogenicity, i-mutagenicity, i-carcinogenicity, i-sensitivity, i-hemolysis njl. Ii-surfactants zidibana namalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba womntu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kumiselwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeziphumo ezinobungozi kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla ngokufanelekileyo.
Ii-surfactants zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezidibana nomzimba womntu, ezinje ngamayeza, ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zococeko lomntu. Ngokuphucuka kwemigangatho yokuphila yabantu, kuye kwajongwa ngakumbi kwimiphumo emibi kunye nemiphumo emibi yee-surfactants kwiifomyula ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana nabantu. Ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, iinkxalabo eziphambili malunga nee-surfactants zigxile kakhulu ekucaphukisweni kwe-mucosal, ukuvakalelwa lusu, ubuthi, ubuthi be-genetic, umhlaza, i-teratogenicity, i-hemolysis, ukugaywa kunye nokufunxwa, kunye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Umzekelo, kwicandelo lezinto zokuthambisa, umgaqo wendabuko wokukhetha izithako ubeke phambili iziphumo zokuthambisa. Xa kukhethwa ii-surfactants, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela ekufezekiseni imisebenzi ephambili efanelekileyo efana nokucoca, ukufutha, ukuxubha kunye nokusasazwa; imisebenzi yesibini okanye eyongezelelweyo yayithathwa njengeengxaki zesibini kuphela, ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo encinci okanye kwakungathathelwa ngqalelo kwimpembelelo yee-surfactants kwimeko yendalo yolusu kunye neenwele. Kule mihla, umgaqo wokukhetha ii-surfactants uye watshintsha kancinci kancinci waya ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwemeko eqhelekileyo nesempilweni yolusu neenwele kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo enobungozi emzimbeni womntu, ngaphambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe indlela yokusebenzisa imisebenzi ephambili neyongezelelweyo yee-surfactants. Le ndlela yophuhliso ibeka umngeni kubaboneleli bezinto ezikrwada ze-surfactant, abenzi beefomyula kunye nabavelisi, oko kukuthi, indlela yokuqonda kwakhona nokuvavanya ukhuseleko kunye nobuthathaka bee-surfactants, ukuze kubonelelwe abathengi ngeemveliso ezikhuselekileyo, ezithambileyo nezisebenzayo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya kwakhona ukhuseleko kunye nobuthathaka beentlobo ezikhoyo nezintsha ze-surfactants.
Ii-surfactants zeCationic zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezibulali-ntsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya, zinefuthe elinamandla lokubulala iibhaktiriya ezahlukeneyo, ii-molds kunye neefungi, kodwa zikwavelisa ityhefu kunye nemiphumo emibi ngaxeshanye. Zinokonakalisa imisebenzi yenkqubo ye-nervous central kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla, kwaye zibangele ukuxinana kwesisu. Ii-surfactants ze-anionic zinetyhefu ephantsi kwaye aziyi kubangela umonakalo omkhulu wetyhefu emzimbeni womntu ngaphakathi koluhlu lwesiqhelo loxinzelelo lwesicelo, kodwa ukutya ngomlomo kunokubangela ukungakhululeki kwesisu kunye norhudo. Ii-surfactants zeNonionic zinetyhefu ephantsi okanye azinatyhefu kwaye azinatyhefu ngokuthathwa ngomlomo. Phakathi kwazo, ii-surfactants ze-PEG zinetyhefu ephantsi, zilandelwa zii-sugar esters, i-AEO, i-Span kunye ne-Tween series, ngelixa ii-alkylphenol ethoxylates zinetyhefu ephezulu.
Kwizilwanyana zasemanzini, ubuthi bezinto ezingengo-ionic buphezulu kunobo bezinto ezisebenzisa izinto ezingengo-ionic.
Uvavanyo lwetyhefu oluyi-subacute nolungapheliyo ludla ngokuthatha ixesha elide. Ngenxa yokwahluka kwezilwanyana ezivavanyiweyo kunye nezinye iimeko zovavanyo, kunzima ukuthelekisa idatha eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi kuyavunywa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwetyhefu oluyi-subacute nolungapheliyo lwe-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic ziwela kudidi olungezizo i-ionic. Ukutya ixesha elide akuyi kubangela iimpendulo zesifo. Ziintlobo ezithile kuphela ezinokunyusa ukufunxwa kwamafutha emzimbeni womntu, iivithamini okanye ezinye izinto, okanye zibangele utshintsho olusebenzayo olubuyela umva kwizitho ezithile xa zithathwa ngomlomo ngeedosi eziphezulu. Ke ngoko, ii-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic zingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezinokhuseleko oluphezulu.
Kwishishini lokutya, ii-surfactants ezingezizo ii-ionic zihlala zisetyenziswa njengeemulsifiers. Ngamanye amaxesha, imisebenzi yazo efana nokufutha, ukususa i-foaming, ukumanzisa, ukusasaza, ukulwa ne-crystallization, ukulwa nokwaluphala, ukuthintela ukubuyiselwa kwe-gradation, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye neempawu ze-antioxidant nazo ziyafuneka. Ii-surfactants ezisetyenziswa njengeemulsifiers zokutya ziphantsi kwemiqathango engqongqo. Zimbalwa kuphela iintlobo ezivunyiweyo ngokubanzi ukuba zisetyenziswe, kwaye ezinye zithintelwe ngakumbi yi-Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI, mg/kg) index, ebhekisa kwidosi ephezulu yesongezo esithile umzimba womntu onokusidla rhoqo ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima bomzimba ngaphandle kokubangela iziphumo ezibi empilweni.
Ii-surfactants ezingezizo ii-ionic zihlala zisetyenziswa njengee-solubilizers, ii-emulsifiers okanye ii-suspensing agents kwi-pharmaceutical injections kunye ne-nutrient injections. Kwiimeko ezibandakanya umthamo omkhulu we-injection enye, ingakumbi i-intravenous injection, i-hemolytic property ye-surfactants kufuneka ithathwe nzulu. Ii-surfactants ze-anionic zibonisa isiphumo esinamandla se-hemolytic kwaye zihlala zingasetyenziswa kwi-injections; ii-cationic surfactants zibekwe kwindawo yesibini kumsebenzi we-hemolytic, ngelixa ii-nonionic surfactants zinamandla aphantsi e-hemolytic. Phakathi kwee-nonionic surfactants, i-hydrogenated castor oil acid PEG esters zibonisa iziphumo eziphantsi ze-hemolytic kwaye zilungele kakhulu i-intravenous injection. Nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa izinga le-PEG polymerization kuya kubangela umsebenzi ophezulu we-hemolytic kune-Tween-type surfactants. Umyalelo we-hemolytic wee-nonionic surfactants ngu: Tween＜I-PEG fatty acid ester＜I-alkylphenol ye-PRG＜AEO. Ngaphakathi kolu thotho lwe-Tween, i-hemolytic order yile: Phakathi kwama-80.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-12-2026