Ukuphepha kweAma-surfactant
Ama-surfactants kanye nama-metabolites awo adala izinguquko zezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni, okungukuthi ubuthi obungaba khona kanye nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa ubuthi obukhulu, ubuthi obuncane, ubuthi obuhlala isikhathi eside, imiphumela ekuzaleni nasekuzaleni, ubuthi be-embryonic, i-teratogenicity, i-mutagenicity, i-carcinogenicity, i-sensitization, i-hemolysis njalo njalo. Ama-surfactants ahlangana nezingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba womuntu ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi kubekwe izidingo ezahlukene zemiphumela enobuthi kanye nemiphumela emibi eshiwo ngenhla ngokufanele.
Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezithinta umzimba womuntu, njengemithi, ukudla, izimonyo kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu. Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu, kuye kwanakwa kakhulu imiphumela enobuthi kanye neyohlangothi yama-surfactants ekwakhiweni okuhlukahlukene kokuxhumana nabantu. Ngezinhloso ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, ukukhathazeka okubalulekile mayelana nama-surfactants kugxile kakhulu ekucasukeni kwe-mucosal, ukuzwela kwesikhumba, ubuthi, ubuthi bezakhi zofuzo, ukuba nomdlavuza, ukuba ne-teratogenicity, i-hemolysis, ukugaya kanye nokumuncwa, kanye nokubola. Isibonelo, emkhakheni wezimonyo, isimiso sendabuko sokukhetha izithako sabeka phambili imiphumela yezimonyo. Lapho kukhethwa ama-surfactants, kucatshangelwa kuphela ukufeza imisebenzi eyinhloko efanele njengokuhlanza, ukugcoba amagwebu, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlakazeka; imisebenzi yesibili noma eyisizayo yayibhekwa njengezinkinga zesibili kuphela, kuyilapho kucatshangelwa okuncane noma kungacatshangelwanga nhlobo umthelela wama-surfactants esimweni semvelo sesikhumba nezinwele. Namuhla, isimiso sokukhetha ama-surfactants siye sashintsha kancane kancane saya ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikelwa kwesimo esijwayelekile nesinempilo sesikhumba nezinwele kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela enobuthi kanye nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni womuntu, ngaphambi kokubheka ukuthi bangazisebenzisa kanjani imisebenzi eyinhloko neyisekelayo yama-surfactants. Lo mkhuba wokuthuthukiswa ubeka inselele kubahlinzeki bezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-surfactant, abakhiqizi kanye nabakhiqizi, okungukuthi, indlela yokubona kabusha nokuhlola ukuphepha kanye nobumnene bama-surfactants, ukuze kuhlinzekwe abathengi ngemikhiqizo ephephile, emnene futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola kabusha ukuphepha kanye nobumnene bezinhlobo ezikhona nezintsha zama-surfactants.
Ama-surfactants e-cationic avame ukusetshenziswa njengezibulala-magciwane kanye nama-bactericides, anomphumela onamandla wokubulala amagciwane ahlukahlukene, isikhunta kanye nesikhunta, kodwa futhi akhiqiza imiphumela enobuthi kanye nemiphumela emibi ngasikhathi sinye. Angonakalisa imisebenzi yesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi kanye nesistimu yokuphefumula, futhi abangele ukuminyana kwesisu. Ama-surfactants e-anionic anobuthi obuphansi kakhulu futhi ngeke abangele umonakalo omkhulu onobuthi emzimbeni womuntu ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokusetshenziswa okuvamile, kodwa ukudla ngomlomo kungabangela ukungakhululeki kwesisu kanye nesifo sohudo. Ama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic anobuthi obuphansi noma angewona ubuthi futhi awanobuthi ngokuphathwa ngomlomo. Phakathi kwawo, ama-surfactants e-PEG anobuthi obuphansi kakhulu, alandelwe ama-sugar esters, i-AEO, i-Span kanye ne-Tween series, kuyilapho ama-alkylphenol ethoxylates enobuthi obuphezulu kakhulu.
Ezilwaneni zasemanzini, ubuthi obuphelele bezinto ezingezona i-ionic buphakeme kunobezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-anionic.
Ukuhlolwa kobuthi obungama-subacute nobungamahlalakhona ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yokwehluka kwezilwane ezihlolwayo kanye nezinye izimo zokuhlola, kunzima ukuqhathanisa idatha ehlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kuyavunywa ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kobuthi obungama-subacute nobungamahlalakhona yama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic iwela esigabeni esingewona ama-toxic. Ukudla isikhathi eside ngeke kubangele ukusabela kwezifo. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezingakhulisa ukumuncwa kwamafutha emzimbeni womuntu, amavithamini noma ezinye izinto, noma zibangele izinguquko zokusebenza eziguqukayo ezithweni ezithile uma zithathwa ngomlomo ngemithamo ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic angasetshenziswa njengezinto eziphephile kakhulu.
Embonini yokudla, ama-surfactant angewona ama-ionic avame ukusetshenziswa njenge-emulsifier. Ngezinye izikhathi, imisebenzi yawo efana nokukhipha igwebu, ukususa i-foaming, ukumanzisa, ukusabalalisa, ukulwa ne-crystallization, ukulwa nokuguga, ukuvimbela ukubuyiselwa emuva, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nezakhiwo ze-antioxidant nazo ziyadingeka. Ama-surfactant asetshenziswa njenge-emulsifier yokudla angaphansi kwemikhawulo eqinile. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa, kanti ezinye zinqunyelwe yi-Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI, mg/kg) index, ebhekisela kumthamo omkhulu wesithasiselo esithile umzimba womuntu ongasidla njalo ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo somzimba ngaphandle kokubangela imiphumela emibi empilweni.
Ama-surfactant angewona ama-ionic avame ukusetshenziswa njengezincibilikisi, ama-emulsifier noma ama-suspension agents emijovweni yemithi kanye nemijovo yezakhamzimba. Ezimweni ezihilela umthamo omkhulu womjovo owodwa, ikakhulukazi umjovo we-intravenous, i-hemolytic property yama-surfactants kumele ithathwe ngokungathi sína. Ama-surfactant e-anionic abonisa umphumela onamandla kakhulu we-hemolytic futhi ngokuvamile awasetshenziswa emijovweni; ama-surfactant e-cationic asezingeni lesibili emsebenzini we-hemolytic, kuyilapho ama-surfactant angewona ama-ionic anamandla aphansi kakhulu e-hemolytic. Phakathi kwama-surfactant angewona ama-ionic, ama-hydrogenated castor oil acid PEG esters abonisa imiphumela ephansi kakhulu ye-hemolytic futhi afaneleka kakhulu ekujovweni kwe-intravenous. Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa izinga le-PEG polymerization kuzoholela emsebenzini we-hemolytic ophezulu kune-surfactants yohlobo lwe-Tween. I-hemolytic order yama-surfactant angewona ama-ionic yile: Tween＜I-PEG fatty acid ester＜i-alkylphenol ye-PRG＜I-AEO. Ngaphakathi kochungechunge lwe-Tween, i-hemolytic order ithi: Phakathi kuka-80.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-12-2026