ʻIkepili o ka Palekana o nā Surfactants

Palekana oNā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai

Hoʻoulu nā Surfactants a me kā lākou metabolites i nā loli olaola i loko o ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea ʻawahia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao ma ke kino, me ka ʻawahia koke, ka ʻawahia subacute, ka ʻawahia mau, nā hopena ma ka momona a me ka hānau hou ʻana, ka ʻawahia embryonic, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, sensitization, hemolysis a pēlā aku. Hoʻopili nā Surfactants me nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino kanaka ma nā ʻano like ʻole, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā koi like ʻole no nā mea ʻawahia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.

Ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei nā Surfactants i nā ʻōnaehana e pili ana i ke kino o ke kanaka, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai, nā mea hoʻonani a me nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino. Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke kūlana ola o ka poʻe, ua nui ka nānā ʻana i nā hopena ʻawahia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao o nā surfactants i nā ʻano hoʻopili kanaka like ʻole. No nā kumu noi like ʻole, ʻo nā hopohopo nui e pili ana i nā surfactants e kālele nui ana i ka huhū mucosal, ka sensitization ʻili, ka toxicity, ka toxicity genetic, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, hemolysis, digestibility a me ka absorption, a me ka biodegradability. No ka laʻana, ma ke kahua o nā mea hoʻonani, ʻo ke kumumanaʻo kuʻuna o ke koho ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻonohonoho mua i nā hopena hoʻonani. I ke koho ʻana i nā surfactants, ua noʻonoʻo wale ʻia ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana mua kūpono e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka foaming, ka emulsification a me ka dispersion; ua manaʻo ʻia nā hana lua a kōkua paha he mau hopohopo lua wale nō, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hopena o nā surfactants i ke kūlana maoli o ka ʻili a me ka lauoho. I kēia mau lā, ua neʻe mālie ke kumumanaʻo koho o nā surfactants i ka hōʻoia mua ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ke kūlana maʻamau a olakino o ka ʻili a me ka lauoho a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā hopena ʻawahia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao ma ke kino o ke kanaka, ma mua o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā hana mua a me nā hana kōkua kūpono o nā surfactants. Ke hoʻokūkū nei kēia ʻano hoʻomohala i nā mea hoʻolako mea maka surfactant, nā mea hana a me nā mea hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, pehea e ʻike hou ai a loiloi i ka palekana a me ka palupalu o nā surfactants, i mea e hāʻawi ai i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā huahana palekana loa, palupalu loa a me ka maikaʻi loa. No laila, he mea pono loa ia e loiloi hou i ka palekana a me ka palupalu o nā ʻano surfactants e kū nei a me nā ʻano hou.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā surfactants cationic ma ke ʻano he mau disinfectants a me nā bactericides, me ka hopena pepehi ikaika i nā bacteria like ʻole, nā ʻōpala a me nā fungi, akā hana pū lākou i nā hopena ʻawahia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ka manawa like. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā hana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena a me ka ʻōnaehana hanu, a hoʻoulu i ka ʻōpū paʻa. He haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia o nā surfactants anionic a ʻaʻole e hōʻeha nui i ke kino kanaka i loko o ka pae hoʻohuihui noi maʻamau, akā hiki i ka lawe ʻana i ka waha ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻeha gastrointestinal a me ka maʻi diarrhea. He haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia o nā surfactants nonionic a ʻaʻole ʻawahia a ʻaʻole make ma o ka lawelawe waha. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā surfactants PEG ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka ʻawahia, ukali ʻia e nā esters kō, AEO, Span a me Tween series, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻawahia o nā alkylphenol ethoxylates.

No nā holoholona wai, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻawahia o nā surfactants nonionic ma mua o nā anionic surfactants.

ʻO ka maʻamau, lōʻihi ka manawa o nā hoʻokolohua subacute a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻawahia mau. Ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o nā holoholona hoʻokolohua a me nā kūlana hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, he paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻikepili like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻae ʻia ma ke ʻano laulā ʻo nā hopena hoʻokolohua subacute a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻawahia mau o nā surfactants nonionic e hāʻule i loko o ka māhele non-toxic. ʻAʻole e hoʻoulu ka lawe ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi i nā hopena pathological. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano wale nō e hoʻonui i ka omo ʻana o ke kino kanaka i nā momona, nā huaora a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole e hoʻoulu i nā loli hana hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia i kekahi mau ʻōpū ke lawe ʻia ma ka waha ma nā nui kiʻekiʻe. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants nonionic ma ke ʻano he mau mea me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe.

I ka ʻoihana meaʻai, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā surfactants nonionic ma ke ʻano he emulsifiers. I kekahi manawa, pono pū ʻia kā lākou mau hana e like me ka foaming, defoaming, wetting, dispersing, anti-crystallization, anti-aging, retrogradation prevention, water retention, sterilization a me nā waiwai antioxidant. Aia nā Surfactants i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he emulsifiers meaʻai i nā kapu paʻa. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano wale nō i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana, a ua kaupalena ʻia kekahi e ka Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI, mg/kg) index, e pili ana i ka nui o kahi mea hoʻohui i hiki i ke kino kanaka ke ʻai mau i kēlā me kēia pauna o ke kino me ka ʻole o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā surfactants Nonionic ma ke ʻano he solubilizers, emulsifiers a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea hoʻomaha i nā inikini lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā inikini meaʻai. No nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ka nui o ka inikini hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ka inikini intravenous, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka waiwai hemolytic o nā surfactants. Hōʻike nā surfactants Anionic i ka hopena hemolytic ikaika loa a ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā inikini; ʻo nā surfactants cationic ka lua ma ka hana hemolytic, ʻoiai ʻo nā surfactants nonionic ka mea haʻahaʻa loa ka hiki ke hemolytic. Ma waena o nā surfactants nonionic, hōʻike nā hydrogenated castor oil acid PEG esters i nā hopena hemolytic haʻahaʻa a kūpono loa no ka inikini intravenous. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka polymerization PEG e hopena i ka hana hemolytic kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā surfactants ʻano Tween. ʻO ke kauoha hemolytic o nā surfactants nonionic: Tween＜ʻEster waikawa momona PEG＜ʻAlkylphenol PRG＜AEO. I loko o ka moʻo Tween, ʻo ke kauoha hemolytic: Tween 80.