Kuchengetedzeka kweZvinoshandisa ma surfactants
MaSurfactants nemametabolites avo anokonzera shanduko dzezvemuviri mumuviri, kureva kuti zvinogona kuva nechepfu uye migumisiro yakaipa mumuviri, kusanganisira chepfu yakanyanya, chepfu ye subacute, chepfu isingaperi, migumisiro pakubereka nekubereka, chepfu ye embryonic, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, sensitization, hemolysis nezvimwewo. MaSurfactants anosangana nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemuviri wemunhu nenzira dzakasiyana, uye zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvechepfu yataurwa pamusoro apa nemigumisiro yayo zvinoenderana.
Mishonga inopinza iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvinosangana nemuviri wemunhu, zvakaita semishonga, chikafu, zvizoro uye zvigadzirwa zvehutsanana. Nekuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu, kutarisisa kwakawanda kwave kuchipiwa kune chepfu uye mhedzisiro yezvinokonzera mishonga inopinza mumhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga inosanganiswa nevanhu. Pakushandisa kwakasiyana, zvinhu zvikuru zvine chekuita nezvinokonzera mishonga zvinotarisa pakutsamwa kwemucosal, kunzwa kweganda, chepfu, toxicity yemajini, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, hemolysis, digestibility uye absorbability, pamwe nebiodegradability. Semuenzaniso, mumunda wezvizoro, musimboti wetsika wekusarudza zvinhu waikoshesa mhedzisiro yezvizoro. Pakusarudza mishonga inopinza, kutarisisa kwaingopihwa chete pakuwana mabasa ekutanga akanakisa akadai sekuchenesa, kupupuma furo, emulsification uye kupararira; mabasa echipiri kana ekuwedzera aingoonekwa seanotevera, nepo kutarisisa kushoma kana kusapihwa kwakapihwa kukanganiswa kwezvinokonzera mishonga paganda nebvudzi. Mazuva ano, musimboti wekusarudza ma surfactants wave kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda pakutanga kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kweganda nebvudzi zvakanaka uye zvine hutano uye kuderedza chepfu nemigumisiro yakaipa pamuviri wemunhu, vasati vafunga nezvemaitiro ekutanga uye ekubatsira ema surfactants. Maitiro aya ekuvandudza anoisa dambudziko kune vatengesi vezvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne surfactants, vagadziri nevagadziri, kureva kuti, maitiro ekuziva zvakare uye kuongorora kuchengetedzeka uye hunyoro hwema surfactants, kuitira kuti vatengi vawane zvigadzirwa zvakachengeteka, zvinyoro uye zvinoshanda zvakanyanya. Saka, zvakakosha zvikuru kuongorora zvakare kuchengetedzeka uye hunyoro hwemarudzi aripo neetsva ema surfactants.
Mishonga yeCationic surfactants inowanzo shandiswa semishonga inouraya utachiona uye inouraya mabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana, chakuvhuvhu uye fungi, asi inogadzirawo chepfu uye migumisiro yakaipa panguva imwe chete. Inogona kukanganisa mashandiro ehurongwa hwepakati hwetsinga uye hurongwa hwekufema, uye kukonzera kuzara kwemudumbu. Mishonga yeAnionic surfactants ine chepfu shoma uye haizokonzere kukuvadza kwakanyanya kwechepfu mumuviri wemunhu mukati mehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwakajairika, asi kunwa nemuromo kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwemudumbu uye manyoka. Mishonga yeNonionic surfactants haina chepfu shoma kana kuti haina chepfu uye haina chepfu kuburikidza nekunwa nemuromo. Pakati payo, mishonga yePEG surfactants ine chepfu yakaderera, ichiteverwa neshuga esters, AEO, Span uye Tween series, nepo alkylphenol ethoxylates ine chepfu yakanyanya.
Kumhuka dzemumvura, chepfu ye nonionic surfactants yakanyanya kupfuura yeanionic surfactants.
Miedzo yeSubacute neye chronic toxicity inowanzotora nguva yakareba. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemhuka dzekuedza nedzimwe mamiriro ekuedza, zvakaoma kuenzanisa data rakasiyana. Zvisinei, zvinowanzo zivikanwa kuti mhedzisiro yemiedzo yesubacute neye chronic toxicity ye nonionic surfactants inowira muchikamu che non-ionic surfactants inowira muchikamu che non-ionic chepfu. Kudya kwenguva refu hakuzokonzere pathological reactions. Mamwe marudzi chete ndiwo anogona kuwedzera kunwa kwemafuta mumuviri wemunhu, mavhitamini kana zvimwe zvinhu, kana kukonzera shanduko dzinogadziriswa mumimwe nhengo kana ikatorwa nemuromo pahuwandu hwakawanda. Nokudaro, nonionic surfactants inogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvine kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya.
Muindasitiri yechikafu, masurfactants asiri eionic anowanzo shandiswa se emulsifiers. Dzimwe nguva, mabasa awo akadai sekuputira furo, kubvisa furo, kunyorovesa, kuparadzira, kudzivirira kukora, kudzivirira kukwegura, kudzivirira kudzoreredza, kuchengetedza mvura, sterilization uye antioxidant anodiwawo. Masurfactants anoshandiswa sema emulsifiers echikafu anotofanira kurambidzwa zvakanyanya. Mhando shoma chete ndidzo dzinotenderwa kushandiswa, uye dzimwe dzinoganhurirwa zvakare neAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI, mg/kg) index, iyo inoreva huwandu hwakanyanya hweimwe chiwedzerwa icho muviri wemunhu unogona kugara uchidya pahuremu hwemuviri pasina kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa pahutano.
MaNonionic surfactants anowanzo shandiswa seanonyungudutsa, emulsifiers kana suspending agents mumajekiseni emishonga uye majekiseni ezvinovaka muviri. Pazviitiko zvinosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwejekiseni rimwe chete, kunyanya jekiseni remutsinga, hunhu hwehemolytic hwemasurfactants hunofanira kutorwa zvakakomba. MaAnionic surfactants anoratidza simba guru rehemolytic uye haawanzo shandiswa mumajekiseni; maCationic surfactants ari pachinzvimbo chechipiri muhemolytic activity, nepo maNonionic surfactants aine simba shoma rehemolytic. Pakati pemaNonionic surfactants, hydrogenated castor oil acid PEG esters inoratidza mhedzisiro yakaderera yehemolytic uye inonyanya kukodzera jekiseni remutsinga. Zvisinei, kuwedzera mwero wePEG polymerization kuchaita kuti hemolytic activity yakakwira kupfuura maTween-type surfactants. Hemolytic order yemaNonionic surfactants ndeiyi: Tween＜PEG fatty acid ester＜PRG alkylphenol＜AEO. Mukati meTween series, kurongeka kwehemolytic ndekwekuti: Pakati pe80.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-12-2026